Group of Temples on Hemakuta Hill
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Hampi Geo-Coordinates: Lat.15 334488 N: Long 76 458637 E
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru
Railway Station: Hosapete
Bus station: Kamalapura | Hampi
Brief History
The sacred Hemakuta hill is dotted with numerous shrines and mandapas. The most interesting being a group of temples in the early style is found on the northern slope of the hill. Access to the group is by way of a large east-facing gateway which is reduced to its base. As many as thirty structures of varying size 9 and belong to different sects occupy different portions of the Hemakuta hill within a cyclopean fortification, pierced with pillared storied entrances from east and north. The earliest structures built of sandstone are datable to ninth-tenth century C.E. and that exhibits Rashtrakuta features. One of these temples situated on the northern side of the Virupakasha has complete features of a Rashtrakuta temple. On its ground plan it has a garbhagriha preceded by ardha-mandapa. The wall is decorated with serious of austere and relieved with pilasters. The superstructure decorated with sala and kuta rising in two levels show typical Dravida features. The other pre-Vijayanagara temples in the complex consist of Ekakuta shrines towards west, eat and south. On plan, these have a garbhagriha, an antarala and a navaranga. The sukanasa projection in some of them indicates Hoysala influence. The superstructures are of dvitala order and carry square sikhara and kalasa. Some of the shrines do not exhibit superstructure. One of the shrines with stepped superstructure Kadamba Nagara shikara could be identified with Prasanna Virupaksha (1398 C.E.) referred to in an inscription inscribed on a nearby boulder. Facing north are two large temples belongin to the trikuta order. Those built on raised platform, consist on plan three garbhagrihas preceded by an antarla and each of them terminating in four pillared navaranga which in turen is preceded by a pillared porch having kakshasana. Interestingly a sukanasi projects from all three superstructures. Small shrines, pillared halls and remains of unidentified structures form other structural activities within this large complex. Entering the gateway and proceeding towards west is located a group of fine early temples and most of them have trikuta plan and faces north. Their neat superstructures are of the peculiar stepped pyramidal variety. Most of the temples do not have any icons in the sanctum. The characteristic features of these temples are three shrines facing east, west and north; a common ardhamandapa, a front porch, walls with large rectangular slabs neatly dressed and fitted with a central horizontal band, heavy early cubical pillars with large corbels and stepped puramidal superstructures of stone with square sikharas. The eastern most temple is towards one’s left and is a trikuta with its typical characteristics. The main shrine faces north with two others on the sides facing east and west. The second trikuta shrine on the east has an inscription recording that Vira Kampiladeva, son of Mummadi Singeya Nayaka, built the Sivalaya and installed in it three lingas. This epigraph evidently refers to the famous Kampili chief (first quarter of the fourteenth century C.E.) who resisted the onslaught of the Muslims. Proceeding further towards the north-west, one comes across another trikutachala shrine facing east. It
is the most ornate of the temples on the Hemakuta hill. Its walls have square pilasters. The three storeyed superstructures of the three shrines are fashioned in the southern manner with karnakutas, panjaras and salas in the first tala. The door-jambs and lintels of the temple have interesting bas reliefs on them, such as dancing Ganesa, dancing Devi, a fine carving of two elephants holding a pot and flower above a round lotus sculptures of Ganesa occurring in this temple it is evident that the temple was perhaps dedicated to that deity. To the north-east of the above temple is a well finished double storied east facing stone temple with two shrines. It is also in the same early style as the temple built by Kampila. It probably belongs to the early Vijayanagara period. Almost abutting this temple is another small one to the north, at a lower level. It is also a stone structure with a tritala vimana facing east. It is much worn out and dilapidated. The garbhagriha and antarala have a continuous moulded adhishthana including a short curved kapota of an early type with kudus having a circular centre. The square pilaster are in an early style. The first two talas of the superstructure have karnakutas, Rutas and salas. The square sikhara has four worn out nasikas above the antarala. Stylistically the temple may perhaps be assigned to the ninth-tenth century C.E.
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