zanana Enclosure Area
Lotus Mahal Pavilion
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hospete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 320286 N: Long 76
471343Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The Lotus Mahal or the Chitragni mahal, is notonly the best known monument in the Zanana area but also one of the finest structures in the city of slightly order and Vijayanagara. It is situated south-east of the palace base within the Zanana enclosure. It is a two- structure storeyed open pavilion, square on plan with recessed sides. This type
of ground plan seems to have been a popular one with Vijayanagara architects. The ground floor has an ornate stone adhishthana and twenty four square in elephants, front pillars carrying recessed and foliated arches. Originally there appears to have been a large amount of plaster and stucco ornamentation along the exterior surfaces. There are now remnants of medallions in the spandrels of the arches, scroll work along the outlines and
simha mukha decorations at the apex. The main cornice of the first storey is a large but slightly curved cyma recta supported by ornate curved brackets below. Originally there seems to have been large rampant yali at the outer corners, of which a mutilated one is now extant on the east side. The interior of the building is at present severely plain. The square pillars are connected by plain recessed and foliated arches with an interesting and peculiar type of squinch helow the corners these are recessed and foliated to conform with the shape of the arches above. The ceiling consists of a number of vaults and domes symmetrically arranged. At the central part is a plain flat coffered ceiling decorated with a lotus bud in the centre. A staircase on the north side leads to the upper storey which has a number of balconies with windows having recessed and foliated arches. The ceilings here are also in the form of octagonal and vaulted domes some having flat roofed sections. In the deep clerestory elaborately ornamented with stucco arches, friezes and ledges,
pushpabodigai corbels and large niches with remnants of seated figures (probably different forms of Vishnu and Devi) and ending on the top in a small ornate ribbed centre there is a inverted lotus dome. The exterior of the upper storey is not as ornate as that of the lower one. The cornice is a slightly curved cyma recta. The superstructure consists of nine pyramidal sikharas of varying sizes. The general plan is a number of tiers consisting
of slightly curved cyma recta cornices (kapota) arranged one above the other in diminishing order and topped by a domical fluted sikhara. In its original state, fully decorated, painted and covered with polished plaster work, the Lotus Mahal must have been a very imposing structure. To the south of the Zanana enclosure is large open space which must have been walled in the olden days. Very likely this area housed the palace retinue of guards, horses elephants, chariots, palanquins, etc. the enclosure leads out into the large open space in front of the palace through which runs the Hazara Ramachandra bazaar.
Elephant’s Stable Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk:Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 317850 N:Long 76
468706 E Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The Elephant’s Stable is a fairly well-preserved majestic structure facing west immediately outside the Zanana enclosure to its north-east. Aligned in north-south orientation, th is structure has eleven large chambers with lofty domed roofs. The central chamber has a square tower above with two flights of steps leading to the dome. Large and wide four centred arched doorways with arched niches mark the facade. Different types of domes, round, arranged symmetrically or octagonal and vaulted are either side of the central dome.
Guard House Close to Elephant’s Stable
District: Vijayanagra Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 321645 N:Long 76 472244
E Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station: Hosapete
Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The structure called Guard Quarters is facingsouth and is a long rectangular structure, built at right angle to the northern end of the Elephant’s Stable, abutting the Zanana Enclosure. The façade has a high verandah in front with a flight of steps at the centre. The is verandah faces a high walled central courtyard surrounded by a closed cloistered corridor.
Basement of Queen’s Place in Zanana Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hospete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 320890 N: Long 76 470872
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station: Hosapete Bus
Station: Kamalapura
Brief History
The structure is located nearly 40 meter south of the northern watch-tower in an elevated plane of the Zanana Enclosure and nearly 15 meter north of the water pavilion. The huge basement is typical in plan like other platforms, especially noticed at Ranga Mahal Complex and the Palace of Vira Harihara. The remains of this building suggest that the original building was built in east-west orientation. This three-tiered structure has two
indented square units bound together. In front of the third terrace is a pillared verandah which was preceded by series of compartments with a central chamber in its southern half. Its construction and location suggests that this building might have been used by the royal persons or the queens.
Band Tower in Dannaika’s Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15318755 N:Long 76
466180 Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History
The structure situated between the somosque and the north facing palace foundation sides. Store towards the south-western corner of Dannaika’sstylisticgrounds datable to circa sixteenth centuryC.E. This two storeyed octagonal structure also intermedia enclosure. Popularly it is called BandTower and on corner. On tr The pierserved as a watch tower. It is an ornate pavilion and opens on all directions. The firscoating. The storey has square piers supporting ornate four centred arches and a straight sloping The exterior of the structure preserves much of its original plaster decoration. A circular Vijaya Darshana – 53 served as cornice supported by corbels. The second storey has ornate balconies with alternate square and arched openings. Access to the second storey is provide through a staircase. Dome with ribbed extrados rises above this structure.
Vira Harihararaya’s Palace
(Notified as basement Of a Large Ruined Buuilding Opposite Muhammadan Mosque and also the platform
north east of dannaika’s Enclosure)
District: Bellary Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 150318589 N: Long 760467481 E
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station: Hosapete Bus
Station: Kamalapura
Brief History
This east facing structure is surrounded on four sides by rubble screen walls set in mud mortar. There is an elaborate entranbce with zig-zag passageway to its swouth. This structurwe is raised in three recedind levelks, each level demarcated by a set of adhisthana mouldings. The frist level is provided with a flight of 5 steps flanked by elephant balustrades in the middle of the eastern side. The second level is provided with three flights of steps with yali balustrades on the eastern side, one in the centre and the other two on either end. This level consists of an outer walkway on the north, west and south and a court in the middle of the east side. This court is flanked on three sides by the mpoulded basement of the third level. The third uppermost level is reached by two flights of steps on thwe north ansd south from the walkway. Further west, the floor of this lelvel is raised slightly and has traces of a room at the centre and three rooms in the cardinal direction. At the ground level, traces of the original plasterd floor and sereral flower beds linked by small conduits are seen. Now, this is identified as the royal residence of Vira Harihararaya’s place complex. This structure was constructed by the early Vijayanagara kings and datable to circa early fifteenth century C.E. The platform at the north-east corner of Dannaika’s enclosure: It is a ruined structure situated at the north-east corner of Dannaika’s Enclosure having a raised square pavilion with rectangular balconies on the south and west and west sides. Stone piers (10 in number) of a cruciform plan are located at the corners and intermediate points. This structure is provided with a flight of steps at its southeastern corner. On the south and west sides, four brackets support the floor slabs of the balconies. The piers, having three or four courses, are plain and have lost their original plaster coting. These piers probably supported an arched chamber with domed roof. This probably served as guards’ quarters to the palace complex of Vira Harihara or alighting platform.
Parashvanatha Temple
(Notified as Jain temple with inscriptions north east of Elephants’s Stable)
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hospete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 3205505
N: Long 76
474163 Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The north facing temple has a garbhagriha, an ardhamandapa, a mahamandapa and closed mandapa with porches on the north and east. The sabhamandapa and mahamandapa have plain heavy cubical pillars of the early type. The sabhamandapa has a subshrine attached to it on the west. In front from of northern porch there is an entrance with a few standing pillars which seems to be a later addition. The eastern porch is provided with kakshasana. The off-setted malasthana the has fairly heavy eaves as noticed at the eastern porch. The garbhagriha is devoid of any wall superstructures. From the recent excavations carried out in the complex mutilated life size image of Parshvanatha made of marble and other tirthankara sculptures were retrieved. An inscription issued in 1426 C.E. states that Devaraya built this chaityalaya of Parshvanatha in the kramukaparnapana veethi (Pansupari bazaar) of Vijayanagara.
Gangitti Jaina temple
District: Vijayanagara
Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat.15313482 N: Long 76478109 E
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway
Station: Hosapete Bus Station: kamalapura
Brief History
This Jainatemples faces north and has a gabhagriha, an antarala, a sabhamanadapa and amaha-manadapa with an attached sub shrine facing east. The heavy cubical variety pillars are of the early period. Over the garbhagriha is found a stepped pyramidal stone superstructure with sixdiminishing talas of plain horizontal slabs. Above the square griva is found a low square sikhara. Incidentally it is one of the earliest temples built in the core zone of the capital city. A lofty manastambha in front of the portico of the temple contains an inscription stating that the temple was built in 1385 C.E. by lruga, during the regin of Harihara II and that it was known as the Chaityalaya of Kunthujinantha, the seventeenth Jaina Tirthankara and now this temple is popularly known as the Ganagitti jaina Temple.
North Watch Tower in the zanana Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 321463 N:Long 76
470776 E Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The Zanana Enclosure is provided with different types of watch towers of which the northern one is built to a height of over 12 meter and it is the tallest among the towers of the complex. A wind staircase through an arched entrance in the east with a height of 2.10 and a width of 1.80 meters leads to the top pavilion. Interestingly, a square chamber built below the ground level forms the resting place for the guards. A flight of steps is provided
with sufficient light by means of windows. Further, the southern side ofthe watch tower is provided with arched windows of a height of 1.55 and 1.10 meter witha width of 0.85 to 1.10 meter to facilitate a direct observation of the palatial building basement. The superstructure of a pavilion is lost exposing the cross-beams of granite. On all the four sides there are balconies supported by heavy stone corbels.
Scared Tank of Pattabhirama Temple
(Notified as Ruined Tank to the north –east of Pattabhirama Temple)
District: Vijayanagara
485597 E
Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat.15306188 N: Long 76
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru , Railway Station: Hosapete , Bus station: Hosapete
Brief History
This rectangular tank is situated about 100meters east of pattabhiramatemple. It is veneered internally with stone slabs with flights of steps from all cardinal with stone slabs with flights of steps from all cardinal directions leading to the water.It has a four pillared mandapa braised on a platform at its center with a small brick superstructure of single tier. Typical to the tank architecture of the times, the tank had pillared mandapas onall sides but preserved only in the north side. The pillars of the central pavilion are carved wit bas reliefs.
South –East Watch tower in Zanana Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 317850 N:Long 76
468706 Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History
It is located to the south-east of Zanana Enclosure and has an octagonal shaft which contains a central,
circular staircase surrounded by vaulted chambers,some with arched openings. The upper level has projecting balconies on eight sides, with intermediate openings; double curved eaves runs continuously around the structure and is also extended outwards over the balconies. Above are eight separate parapet elements each in the form of kuta sikhara. The superstructure of the tower has two recessed mouldings capped by a ribbed finial.
Two Pillars and Group of Mortar Wheels outside Zanana
Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 320940 N:Long 76
474780 EApproach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
These pillars essentially formed the vertical support of grinding stones and are erected parallel to each other with a square base and a fluted body culminating in rectangular apex. These pillars have holes each, equidistant and parallel to each other.
Mortar Wheels:
These are of two types: Those of the first type are roughly circular and have a worn out or eroded surface with thin grooves in the form of concentric circles around a small square groove at the centre. Those of the second type are roughly rectangular and have a worn-out surface with similar grooves around a hole (about 15 cm in diameter) in the centre.
Two small shiva Temple
(Notified as two shiva Temples with inscription to the east of PattabhiramaTemple)
District: Vijayanagara
492625 E
Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat.1530207 N: Long 76
Approach: Airport : Bengaluru Railway
Station: Hosapete Bus station: Hosapete
Breif History
There are two temples to the east of pattabhirama temple. According to the inscription on the wall of its dvara gopura the first one is a vaishnavatemple and datable to circa sixteenth century C.E it has an enclosure wall on all the four sides. The west wall of the enclosure has collapsed. There are two small entrances in the middle of the east and south walls and gateway having tritala gopura with salasikhara in the middle of the north wall. The main shrine is a goddess shrine which has on plan a garbhagriha, an antarala and an ardhamandapa with two porches on the north and south and the main entrance on the east. To the north-west of the main shrine is a goddess shrine which has on plan agarbhagriha, an antarala and an open pillared mukamandapa .Over the garbhagriha of this shrine is an ekatala Dravida vimana remains. The second temple, which is mentioned in the inscription on its wall, is the Raghunatha temple at penugonda bagilu. It faces north and has plan a garbhagriha, an antarala and a closed mukhamandapa.it is a enclosedby prakara walls on the east, south and west. Over the garbhagriha is a brick built dvitala Darvida
vimana.To theeast of this temple is a small shrine housing a mutilated Ganesha sculpture on a pedestal. Over the garbhagriha is a ruined ekatala dravida vimana. On the north is a temple facing south which has on plan a garbhagriha and an open pillered mukhamandapa. Over the garbhagriha of this temple is a ruined brick built ektala
Dravid vimana.
Water Pavilion in the Zanana Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hospete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 320280 N: Long 76 470687
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station: Hosapete Bus
Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
This rectangular structure measuring 21 x 15 X 4.10 meters, in the centre has an indented square plinth, serving as a pavilion connecting it with the rectangular outer trough indicated by six dwarf pillars. A flight of steps leads into the plastered hall of the rectangular structure. Traces of plaster are found over the ornate mouldings of the pavilion. Interestingly, the kantha mouldings on the southern side of the pavilion have low relief sculptures of seated Durga along with tortoise, crocodiles, etc.
Walls and Gateways of Zanana Enclorsure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 320646 N: Long 76
470232 E Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The Zanana enclosure is located towards the northern most extreme end of citadel and nestles almost on the foot of a low hillock. The cyclopean walls are built out of massive dressed stone blocks placed one above the other with tile core filling of rubble and earth. Interestingly, the size of stone are reduced when the required height is achieved and both the inner and outer wall, converge together to offer a steep inclination resisting any scaling. The traces of plaster indicate once plastered and coloured walls. On an average these walls have a height of 6 meter and thus built enclosure walls of the Zanana enclosure have a rough contour of irregular pentagon in east west orientation enclosing roughly a 150 Sq. M. area. Interestingly, the Zanana enclosure does not have prominent
be a gateways or entrances. However, four entrances which could be termed as sham entrances alasthana from the point of view of security are provided in which three entrances are located on any the northern side east-west running wall and one entrance at east in north-south running wall of the Zanana enclosures. The Zanana enclosure is provided with three watch towers on the north, north-east and south-east.
Guards House in Zanana Enclosure
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 321632 N:Long 76
472249 E Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
It is a rectangular structure, facing east and is located at the north-west comer of the Zanana enclosure, probably it was a storehouse or a magazine or a gymnasium. This rectangular building has a plain exterior with a doorway in the middle of the eastern side. Small ventilation holes are placed high up in the walls which are overhung by a deep, double curved eave. The stone rafters supporting the eave are decorated with cobra hoods.
The best-preserved portions of parapet consist of interlaced pointed arches on diagonal squares. The vaulted roof is hipped with angled faces on four sides and has on its upper part a long north-south ridge which is raised up and decorated with petal motifs. The interior of the hall consists of large central rectangular space with a pillared corridor on all four sides.
Rang Temple
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat 15 319414 N:Long 76
471858 Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway Station:
Hosapete Bus Station: Kamalapura
Brief History:
The Ranga temple is a small but elegant east-west oriented temple and datable to circa fifteenth century C.E. The temple on plan has a garbhagriha with a rectangular pedestal, an ardhamandapa and large open eighteen pillared mandapa. The Vaishnava affinity of the temple is evidenced by the chaturbhuja Vaishnava dvarapalas at the entrance.The plinth, sanctum and mandapa have conventional mouldings. The superstructure of the sanctum is
typical dvitala Dravida vimama. A ruined open pillared mandapa in front has many friezes pertaining to Krishna lila.
Pattabhirama Temple
District: Vijayanagara Taluk: Hosapete Locality: Kamalapura Geo-Coordinates: Lat.15 305731 N: Long 76
485597 E
Approach: Airport: Bengaluru Railway
Station: Hosapete Bus station: Hosapete
Brief History
The various parts of the temple are contained within a large rectangular enclosure (163.7 x 93meter) within the temple complex.Thegod’s sanctum with the temple complex. The god’s sanctum with its axial mandapa is situated in the centre of the courtyard. A pillared colonnade runs along the inner face of the enclosure. Th eat facing sanctum has atritala vimana withy slender composite has a pillars of various types. To the east of sabhamandapa is usual coverd Pradakshinapatha enclosing the grabhagriha and antarala.The brick superstructure of the sanctum viman has the usual arrangement of kutas, panjaras and salas, a circular griva and a circular sikhara. The eastfacing Amman shrine is advitala vimana with a salasikhara running north-south . The kalyamandpa of
the temple is to the south-east. The eastern entrance has a tall five-storied gopura in brick and mortar with stuccofigures. This large temple is simpler in design and less decorativethough it contains two inscriptions of Achutaraya (1530-42 C.E), the date of its establishment is not clearly determinable.
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